What is the highest grade of Saab car (how is the quality of Saab car)

I. Germany

Global industry status:

Germany is the birthplace of modern automobiles in the world and the country with the longest history of automobile production. Since Karl Ben Ci invented the first automobile in 1886, the German automobile industry has gone through more than 120 years of development. Like other countries in the world, the development of German automobile industry has gone through four stages: "invention experiment", "continuous improvement", "rapid development" and "wide application of high technology". And the development of each stage has always been closely linked with major events in Germany's political, economic, social and cultural fields.

It is worth mentioning that Germany is the inventor of the global automobile, the inventor of the global highway, and the only country with unlimited speed in the world! Germany pursues excellence in speed and technology, and its mechanical technology level is the benchmark of the world.

In the 1970s, when the second wave of industrial revolution was rising in the West, the Germans seized the decades after the reunification of the Second Reich in 1871 and created a miracle at the end of the 19th century: in a short period of 30 years, the Germans completed the industrialization road that the British took more than 100 years to complete, thus making Germany one of the industrialized powers in the world. Germany once ranked in the previous global automobile quality rankings, and Porsche of Germany topped the list.

Outstanding features of German cars:

1, good texture, rich in grade, looks high-end atmosphere on the grade. 2. German cars have a strong business atmosphere. The appearance of German cars is calm and atmospheric. 3. Advanced technology. For example, turbocharging technology and dual clutch gearbox technology are all developed by German cars. 4. German cars have a long history of development, especially in traditional engines and other technologies, with sufficient experience and advantages. 5. The design of German cars is rigorous and scientific, and the quality is reliable. 6, performance and handling are good. Especially at high speed. Of course, German cars are not all advantages, but also have disadvantages. BBA, the three luxury brands of German cars, is world-renowned.

Famous German automobile brands:

Mercedes benz:

Mercedes-Benz is a world-famous German automobile brand, founded in 1900, headquartered in Stuttgart, and founded by karl benz and gottlieb daimler. Mercedes-Benz is famous for its high-quality and high-performance automobile products. Besides luxury cars, Mercedes-Benz is also the most famous manufacturer of buses and heavy trucks in the world. On December 22, 1900, Daimler Automobile Company presented the world's first Mercedes-branded car to its customers. Since then, Mercedes-Benz has become a model of the automobile industry. Its brand logo has become one of the most famous automobile brand logos in the world. For more than 100 years, Mercedes-Benz brand has been the pioneer of automobile technology innovation. On January 29th, 1886, two Germans, karl benz and gottlieb daimler, obtained the patent right of the world's first automobile, marking the birth of the world's first automobile.

Bmw:

It is famous for producing luxury cars, motorcycles and high-performance engines. BMW is a world-famous car company. Like Mercedes-Benz, it does not pursue the expansion of automobile production, but only pursues the production of high-quality, high-performance and high-grade cars. The outstanding features of BMW include exquisite interior, fine control, abundant power, comfortable ride and beautiful appearance. As a luxury racing brand in Germany, the high-speed stability and comfort of every BMW car are impeccable.

Audi:

Audi is a world-famous automobile developer and manufacturer, which was founded in 1898. Its logo is four rings, which means four automobile brand alliances. It is an internationally famous luxury car brand. As a representative of high-tech level, quality standards, innovation ability and classic car styles, Audi is one of the most successful car brands in the world. The company is headquartered in Ingolstadt, Germany.

Volkswagen:

Volkswagen is an automobile manufacturing company headquartered in Wolfsburg, Germany, and the core enterprise of Volkswagen Group, one of the four largest automobile manufacturers in the world.

Porsche: Porsche

It's a German car brand. Porsche sports car, founded by Ferdinand Porsche (ferdinand porsche), is famous for producing high-priced super sports cars, and now it also involves the field of off-road vehicles. Ferdinand Porsche is also the design engineer of Volkswagen's first product. Porsche is one of the most famous sports car brands in the world, which combines luxurious car body with excellent performance. Its sports car design style is more classic and conservative, and there is no modernist attraction like Ferrari. All emergency service telephones and Boxster cars are equipped with a rear horizontal six-cylinder engine, which is the most important feature of Porsche sports cars. It is said that 70% of all Porsche cars produced since 1948 are still in use.

Second, the United States

Global industry status:

The United States is considered to be a country on the wheel of the world, and its car penetration rate ranks first in the world. At one time, there were about 80 cars per 100 people on average. As early as 2007, there were more than 250 million cars in the United States, and the United States sold about 17 million new cars every year, which is the largest single automobile market in the world, so the United States is the most important and competitive place in the world's automobile industry.

At the end of 19th century, the American economy had reached a relatively high level, and industrial production began to be in the forefront of the world, especially the development of steel and petrochemical industries created conditions for the automobile industry. For example, seven years after Henry Ford invented the world's first gasoline-powered car in 1893, cars began to be mass-produced, and mankind entered the automobile age. Founded in 1887, Moby Motor Company of olds is the oldest automobile manufacturer in the United States. The Doctor Coupe produced by the company in 1903 is a single-cylinder engine car and the first batch of mass-produced cars by the company.

American automobile industry since HenryFordSince the invention of Model T and the first assembly line production mode in 1907, it has been completely controlled by three major automobile companies after long-term competition and merger. They are General Motors, Ford Motor Company andKreislerCar company. The total sales of these three giants in 1993 was about 285.7 billion dollars. In the history of automobile development, the American automobile industry first turned the automobile into a popular commodity by means of assembly line production, defeating Europe, where the automobile was invented. Later, due to the rapid rise of Japanese cars, the status of the United States as the largest automobile producer for many years was once seized by the Japanese.

After decades of evolution, the global automobile industry has basically formed a so-called "6+3" competition pattern: "6" means six major automobile groups-GM, Ford, Daimler-Chrysler, Toyota, Volkswagen and Renault-Nissan; The annual output of the above six automobile groups is basically above 4 million vehicles, accounting for more than 80% of the world's automobile production. It can be seen that the proportion of American cars in the world.

Outstanding features of American cars:

The outstanding characteristics of American cars are high power, heavy weight, good acceleration performance, safety and quietness, wide and comfortable body. Because of the vast territory of the United States, the highways extend in all directions, the road conditions are good, and Americans are used to driving long distances. Therefore, the average American car has the characteristics of high power, excellent acceleration performance, low speed and high torque, high speed and high power. It is worth mentioning that advocating safety and quietness is another feature of American cars. The automobile safety standards in the United States used to be the highest in the world, and its cars had thick steel plates, heavy body weight and rigid shape. A large number of safety technologies, such as airbags and TCS, were invented or popularized by the three major American automobile companies. Another feature of American cars is the spacious carriage, which has a large space, and the superimposed seats are wide, so that there is no sense of depression when riding, and the ergonomic seat design makes the driver not tired easily.

Famous American automobile brands:

GMC：

It belongs to the brand of American General Group. GMC brand is owned by General Motors, one of the three major American automobile companies, which mainly produces luxury business MPV, large-displacement SUV and pickup truck.

Ford:

Founded in 1903, headquartered in Michigan, USA, its founder is Henry Ford, and Ford Motor Company is one of the three major automobile companies in the United States.

Kreisler

Founded in 1922, headquartered in Michigan, USA, its founder is walter chrysler, and Chrysler is now one of the three largest automobile companies in the United States.

Chevrolet:

Founded in 1911, it is now owned by General Motors of the United States. Its founders are William Durant and Louis Chevrolet. Chevrolet has a wide range of models and is a very international and popular brand.

Buick

: Founded in 1904, it is currently owned by General Motors of the United States, and its founder is david dunbar buick.

Cadillac:

Founded in 1902, Cadillac is a luxury brand owned by General Motors, and its founder is henry martynleland. Cadillac has long been regarded as the benchmark of luxury cars in the United States.

Lincoln:

Founded in 1917, it is a luxury brand owned by Ford Company of the United States. Its founder is henry martynleland, and the brand name is named after the late American President abraham lincoln.

Dodge:

The brand was founded in 1914, and is now owned by Chrysler Automobile Company of the United States. Its founders are john dodge and Horred Dodge brothers. Dodge is known for its low price and popularity in Europe and America, and the Viper is a famous model of Dodge.

Jeep:

The world's first JEEP off-road vehicle was born in 1941. At that time, it was produced for the operational needs of the US military in World War II. Its creator was Willis Company of the United States. Today, Jeep belongs to the brand of Chrysler Company of the United States.

Rosen:

Founded around 2000, the company is headquartered in Florida, USA. The founders are Ian Glennes and Dean Rosen. At present, it focuses on the development and manufacture of super sports cars, and its famous models include Rossion Q1.

Third, Japan

Global industry status:

Japan is one of the three largest automobile producers in the world, and it is firmly in the leading position in the field of automobile manufacturing and technology. Japan has the most famous global brand in the world. For example, Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Mitsubishi, Subaru, Daihatsu, Fusang, Hino, Mazda, Lexus, etc., which are world-renowned, are the most famous export commodities in Japan. More importantly, Japanese auto parts can be found in cars produced on six continents. It is worth mentioning that the automobile-related manufacturing industry accounts for 89% of Japan's largest manufacturing transportation machinery industry. Auto parts and automobiles account for 18% of all manufacturing shipments in Japan.

Historically, before World War II, the Japanese automobile industry was in its infancy. During this period, the Japanese began to make cars, and the Japanese began to realize the importance of the automobile industry and introduced policies to support it. In 1936, the automobile manufacturing industry law was officially implemented in Japan, and the prelude to the real localization of Japanese cars was opened. Before World War II, the Japanese automobile industry followed suit in Europe and America, and most of the models were imitations. In 1914, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries made 22 Modal A cars, which became the first mass-produced model in Japanese history. The appearance of Model A draws lessons from Fiat A3-3.

Japan's automobile manufacturing industry began in Shintaro, Yoshida. In 1904, he established the first Japanese automobile factory, Tokyo Automobile Factory (now Isuzu Automobile Company), and three years later, he produced the first Japanese-made gasoline car, Taikooli No.1.. In 1967, Japan surpassed Germany to become the second largest automobile producer, and domestic automobile sales exceeded one million vehicles for the first time.

It is worth mentioning that the oil crisis in the 1970s hit European and American car dealers hard, but it benefited Japanese car companies that admired small-displacement cars greatly, and Japanese cars were pushed onto the stage of global cars, especially after the oil crisis, some American families could not afford high fuel costs, so they chose Japanese cars instead of large-displacement American cars, but paid attention to energy conservation and emission reduction in Europe, and Japanese cars entered the European market and became the giants of the world automobile industry.

Toyota, Honda and Nissan in Japan are the top three local automakers. The biggest is Toyota, the world's leading automobile company.

Japan's Thein Sein is Japan's largest auto parts manufacturer and a global leader. Among them, his specialty is electronic system and powertrain control module. Other leading Japanese tier-one suppliers in the world include Aisin Seiko, Yazaki, JTEKT and Hitachi Automotive Systems.

It is worth mentioning that Japanese auto companies invest more than 2 trillion yen in automobile R&D every year, accounting for about 21% of all manufacturing R&D expenditures in Japan.

Outstanding features of Japanese cars:

　The biggest characteristics of Japanese cars are fuel economy, quality stability and comfort, and their comprehensive use costs are excellent. It can be said that they are worry-free, fuel-saving and money-saving, with few major and minor problems, excellent durability and value preservation, and relatively low maintenance and spare parts costs, which is why they have today's first-line position in the world.

Japanese cars started with cheap small and medium-sized cars, which is their main advantage. The characteristics of Japanese cars are thoughtful and meticulous, and they are filled with unique subtle features, even doing everything for customers. In terms of technology, Japanese cars are often ahead of the trend, especially in the development of electronic systems and engines. The average cycle of Japanese car upgrading is about four years, but its efficiency ranks first in the world, and Japanese car patterns emerge one after another, which is very novel and fashionable. Japanese-made cars really can't catch up with the European German system in durability, but no one can match their achievements in the error rate of new cars. Compared with European cars, it is unpretentious and hidden. Representative models of Japanese cars: Corolla, Camry, Accord, Fit, CRV, Elantra, Rena and Machi.　

Famous Japanese automobile brands:

Toyota:

Founded in 1933, one of the top ten automobile industry companies in the world, is a Japanese automobile manufacturing company headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan and bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, belonging to Mitsui chaebol. The early Toyota, Crown, Guangguan and Corolla cars were famous for a while, and the recent Cressida and Lexus luxury cars are also very famous.

Honda:

Honda Motor Co., Ltd. is called "Honda Technology Research Industry Co., Ltd.". Its predecessor is Honda Technology Research Institute, which was founded in September, 1948. Its founder is legendary Honda Zongichiro. It is the largest motorcycle manufacturer in the world, and its automobile output and scale are also among the top ten automobile manufacturers in the world. Honda's management mode is very flexible. Honda, a subsidiary established in the United States, surpassed Chrysler to rank third in the American market in 1991. Honda's Accord and Civic cars have been rated as the best and most popular cars by users over the years.

Nissan:

Nissan Motor Company is the second largest automobile company in Japan and one of the top ten automobile companies in the world. Founded in 1933. For decades, Nissan's technology and products have been loved by consumers all over the world.

Fourth, France

Global industry status:

France is a world-famous automobile manufacturing power. France is the second largest automobile producer in Europe and one of the pillars of the global automobile industry. According to statistics, the working population involved in the automobile industry once exceeded 2.5 million. France has 13 automobile manufacturers, including two local enterprises: Peugeot-Citroen Group and Renault Group, and foreign manufacturers such as Volkswagen, Ford, Fiat, Daimler-Chrysler, Toyota, BMW and Nissan. French local automobile manufacturers dominate the automobile market.

As early as 1769, with the support of the government, Junior, a technical officer of the French Army, successfully trial-produced the world's first steam car with practical value, which triggered a worldwide upsurge in research and automobile manufacturing. However, the French Revolution that followed interrupted the automobile research in France for decades. Until 1828, the principal of Paris Technical School, Pai Quarl, built a steam-driven automobile, and its original differential and independent suspension technology are still widely used in the global automobile industry.

The first gasoline car in France was produced by Peugeot Company founded by armand peugeot in 1890. Before World War I, Peugeot's annual output reached 12,000 vehicles. In 1928, it produced 400 cars a day, accounting for one-third of the total automobile production in France. Renault Automobile Company, another large automobile factory founded in 1898, also developed rapidly, and mass production was formed in 1914. Renault merged many car companies. In 1975, the annual output of cars exceeded 1.5 million, making it the largest car manufacturer in France.

The output of Peugeot automobile company also soared by more than ten times in the twenty years after the war, becoming the second largest automobile company in France, and surpassing Renault to top the list in the 1980s. The two major French automakers are relatively dependent on the European market. 61% of Peugeot Citroen's sales are realized in Europe, while the proportion of Renault Group is 53%. Citroen automobile company was acquired by Peugeot automobile company in 1976 because of poor management and became the symbol-Citroen automobile company.

In 1980s, the global economic crisis hit the French automobile industry to some extent. In 2012, Peugeot-Citroen Group, the largest automobile manufacturer in France, announced a new restructuring plan. In 2005, Renault sold all its shares in Nissan diesel. Renault completed its restructuring more than ten years ago, closing its local manufacturing plants, focusing on the low-end brand Dacia in Eastern Europe, keeping Renault small cars in the European market, and sharing profits in emerging markets, especially in China.

Outstanding features of French cars:

The overall feature of French cars is that they are small in size and novel in design, which conforms to the direction of popularization. Therefore, they have become the hot spots of family cars in Western Europe, and Renault's "two for the road" mini-car has won the number one sales in Europe for many times. However, in the field of luxury cars and sports cars, French automobile companies are not as good as those in the United States, Germany, Japan and other countries, which undoubtedly becomes the regret of the French automobile industry. According to figures released by the French Environment and Energy Control Agency, cars with less pollution are gaining popularity in France. Because with the increasing awareness of environmental protection in France, cars with less pollution are increasingly favored by the French. As early as 2006, 47% of cars with less pollution were sold in France, accounting for half of the French market.

It is worth mentioning that the more environmentally friendly cars are in France, the more popular they are. Statistics show that cars with emissions between 161g and 250g account for only a quarter of the market share, which has dropped by 7 percentage points in five years. 4×4 off-road vehicles have been unsalable for the first time since 1995. In France, the market share of diesel vehicles has reached 71%, which is lower than that of Portugal, Spain and Italy, and once ranked fourth among EU countries.

Famous French automobile brands:

Renault Renault:

One of the oldest car companies in the world. Renault is the second largest automobile company in France. Renault is the second largest automobile company in France, and its main products are Renault brand cars, official cars and sports cars. Renault is one of the most exported cars to Germany, and its quality and reliability are also considered to be first-class. Renault owns 44.3% of Nissan's shares in Japan and established the Renault-Nissan Alliance. Renault also owns Samsung Motor (now known as Renault Samsung) and Dacia, and it also includes a 20% stake in Volvo Truck Division.

Citroen citroen:

Citroen Automobile Company is the third largest automobile company in France. It was founded in 1915 by Andre Citroen. It is worth mentioning that as early as 1920, Citroen won the title of "fuel-saving champion" in a car race held in Le Mans, France, which made Citroen famous. Citroen has organized two trips across the African continent and across the Asian continent, which made Citroen famous. France is cheerful, fashionable, novel and beautiful, and the Citroen car shows this character of France.

Peugeot Peugeot Peugeot:

Peugeot automobile is a Peugeot group formed by the company and Citroen automobile company in 1976, and it is the third largest automobile company in Europe. In 1848, Armand Bieru's family established a factory in Paris, France, which mainly produced saw, spring and gear. It is worth mentioning that Peugeot has performed well in the World Rally Championship, especially Peugeot 504 (the turbocharged version of Peugeot 205) and Peugeot 206. Peugeot 206 Rally has brought great vibration to the World Rally Championship. It has defeated the previous champions-Subaru's Impreza, Ford Focus and Mitsubishi.

The predecessor of Peugeot Automobile Company was a small workshop run by Pierre brothers, a symbolic family in the early 19th century, which produced iron tools such as saw and spring.

V. Britain

Global industry status:

Britain is the leading automobile power in the history of the world. The British automobile industry has a long history of development. From the invention of automobiles for more than 100 years, British cars have always been regarded as the most perfect embodiment of automobile technology and the words of taste, value, luxury and elegance. Professional knowledge and forward-looking thinking give Britain a unique advantage in developing core automobile technology.

Britain is the most convincing in the research and development field of racing industry, and the British automobile industry has attracted the favor of a large number of Formula One racing teams around the world. There used to be eleven Formula One racing teams, and eight teams set their headquarters in Britain. Britain has the largest racing industry cluster in the world.

There used to be 4,500 companies in the British racing industry, and only "Racing Valley" had more than 25,000 world-class engineers. And more than 15 British universities have set up related racing engineering majors and courses, which has laid a rich reserve of scientific research personnel for the British racing field. Britain's investment in R&D in the racing industry can be said to be beyond imagination. According to the statistics of the British Automobile Industry Council, 30% of the turnover of the 4,500 motor sports engineering companies in the British motor racing industry will be used for research and development. As a key field of British automobile industry, motor racing once created 5 billion value for British economy every year.

It is worth mentioning that Britain has absolutely leading manufacturing capabilities in the field of engine technology and systems. As the center of global automobile engine R&D and production, Britain's powertrain design has always maintained the world's leading level, especially in engine design. As early as 2013, engines produced in Britain once accounted for 30% of the total engine production in Europe, and 62% of them were exported to more than 100 countries. The production technology and professional research knowledge in the engine field have become one of the core supporting technologies in the British automobile industry. For example, the world-renowned automobile brands such as BMW, Cummins, Ford and Jaguar Land Rover all have major engine R&D or production bases in the UK. A large number of world-leading engine manufacturers have gathered in Britain, and with the strong local technical strength, they have designed advanced engines suitable for all walks of life by using different professional technologies.

For example, 1.5 million engines of Ford cars in the world were produced in Britain, accounting for one-third of Ford's total engine production. Honda, Toyota and Nissan Motor Company together produce more than 600,000 engines in Britain every year.

The manufacturing capacity of British cars is very strong. According to the data of British Automobile Manufacturers and Dealers Association, as early as 2013, the whole vehicle produced in Britain was equivalent to a new car rolled off the assembly line every 20 seconds, and 77% of the products were exported to all parts of the world. Britain's automobile manufacturing level also attracts top manufacturers from all over the world. Nineteen of the top 20 auto parts manufacturers in the world have production bases in the UK.

Top-notch technology inheritance, unique British design and exquisite manual manufacturing technology in the British automobile industry have attracted many high-end luxury brands to set up their production bases in the UK. The British automobile industry, which is dominated by design, has a long history in automobile design, and relatively independently provides all-round services from conceptual design to limited edition production for British automobiles. The iconic cars designed in Britain include the famous Aston Martin DB9, McLaren F1 and Land Rover Range Rover. World-renowned design colleges have laid the foundation for British automobile design. For example, the British Academy of Art, which has been involved in the field of automobile design for 40 years, has now become a global leader in automobile design education and research, while Coventry University is internationally renowned for its 30 years of rich experience and rich world-class designers.

Outstanding features of British cars:

British car brands have a long history and elegant shapes. British cars have made outstanding contributions to the progress of automobile technology in the world. There are many automobile brands in Britain: Jaguar, Land Rover, mini, Rolls-Royce, Bentley, McLaren, Aston Martin, Lotus, Caterham, Morgan, TVR, Noble, Arial and Radical. Vauxhall and MG are British native brands, but they are basically zero in vehicle inheritance due to the positioning of civilian vehicles. JLR, Rolls-Royce, Bentley, Morgan and MINI are the business cards of the British car-making concept all over the world. Their products are universal but bring a sense of distance to many people.

British cars are unique in charm. In the more than 100 years since the invention of automobiles, British cars have always been regarded as the perfect embodiment of automobile craftsmanship, taste, value, luxury and elegance. Crewe, England, still adheres to the traditional art of making cars, and experienced craftsmen have always assembled them by hand. Most craftsmen have more than 30 years of rich experience, and the car-making technology has been passed down from generation to generation. The craftsmanship is tempered and the quality is flawless, which reveals the essence of the traditional British car-making art: elegance, agility, permanence and refinement. In Longbridge, England, the godfather of the British automobile industry for a hundred years.machine gun-The rovers are still continuing their unchanging British temperament. Someone once said, "If you buy a Japanese car, you get tools; Choose a German car, choose a machine; And to own an English car is to own art. " This sentence reflects from one side that British automobile brands exist in machinery with a super-material spirit.

British cars have a long history and excellent brands, such asRolls-Royce、BingleyAnd other brands have been building cars for more than a hundred years. These car brands have always been the best of the car family in people's minds, and they are known as the "King of England"imperial/royal crownThe pearl of ". In order to keep the gold content, Rolls-Royce has always insisted on manual production, only pursuing quality instead of quantity. Although an assembly line is adopted today, its annual output is still limited to about 2000 vehicles. Since its establishment, Rolls-Royce has adhered to the purpose of serving the minority in the upper class, which doomed its brand and identity.

Aston MartinIt is also a classic in British cars. Aston Martin follows Rolls-Royce and Bentley in the British car value rankings. British MG-ROVER, also the most famous automobile enterprise in Britain, has a history of machine guns for a hundred years. Although the machine gun car was born 18 years later than the earliest four-wheeled car, its starting point was very high, and many important elements of the car were applied to it. For example, the brand car was the first to use a car with a central skeleton.base. As a high-end car, in the late 1980s, MG car created a good sales record, and its sales volume in Europe was once twice that of Mercedes-Benz.

In addition to high-end cars, there are many economical cars with durable leather in Britain. For example, in 1956, the British Automobile Company (BMC) mini car was its model mini. When it came out, people were surprised to see that four suitable cars could be accommodated in a 3.9-meter-long mini car.seat. At this point, mini economy cars are popular all over the world.

British cars generally have simple and elegant, elegant appearance design, which exudes a strong and mellow British neoclassicism everywhere.

Rolls royce:

Rolls-Royce (Rolls-Royce) is the world's top manufacturer of ultra-luxury cars. It was founded in Britain in 1906. The founders of the company are Frederick Henry Royce (Henry Rice) and Charles Stuart Rolls (Charlie Rolls). The luxury cars produced by Rolls-Royce Company in Britain are outstanding representatives of top-class cars and are well-known all over the world for their luxury. In addition to manufacturing cars, Rolls-Royce is also involved in the field of aircraft engine manufacturing. It is also the best engine manufacturer in the world. The famous Boeing passenger plane uses Rolls-Royce engines.

Aston Martin:

The world-famous British luxury car and sports car manufacturing company. Founded in 1913, the company was founded by lionel martin and Robert Bamford. The company is located in Newport, England, and is world-famous for producing open-top station wagons, racing cars and limited production sports cars. In 1987, the company was acquired by Ford of the United States. In 1994, Aston Martin became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ford Motor Company. In addition to providing financial guarantee, Ford also provides it with Ford's technology, manufacturing and supply systems all over the world, and supports the design and development of new products, which makes this jewel in luxury sports cars regain its charming charm.

Bentley:

Bentley Motors Limited is a world-famous luxury car manufacturer, headquartered in Crewe, England. On January 18th, 1919, the company was founded by walter owen bentley. During World War I, Bentley was famous for producing aero engines, and after the war, it began to design and manufacture automobile products. In 1931, Bentley was acquired by Rolls-Royce, and in 1998, both of them were bought by the German Volkswagen Group. In August of the same year, BMW bought the trademark right of Rolls-Royce for $68 million, and the relationship between the two parties gradually weakened. In the long history of nearly a hundred years, the Bentley brand is still shining, constantly presenting the world with noble, elegant and exquisite high-quality cars.

Land Rover:

Land Rover is one of the four-wheel drive companies in the world and a famous British brand. Perhaps it is precisely because of this that the value of Land Rover-adventure, courage and supremacy-shines among its cars. It is worth mentioning that in 2008, India's Tata Group acquired the Land Rover brand from Ford for $2.3 billion. Land Rover Company, referred to as MG. Ten years later, he changed from car distribution to manufacturing and research and development. In 1920, the first Morris car was built in the small town of Cowley. William morris was obsessed with his dream of being an automobile industrialist and was once awarded the title of Lord Norfield.

Jaguar:

Britain is a world-renowned luxury car manufacturer. The logo of the car is the image of a "jaguar" jumping before jumping. It is vigorous and brave, with both form and spirit, with a sense of the times and visual impact. It not only represents the name of the company, but also shows the strength and speed of running forward, symbolizing that the car is galloping around the world like a jaguar. Jaguar, the world luxury car brand, has been highly respected by the British royal family since its birth.

MINI：

MINI is a world-renowned luxury small car brand under the BMW Group, which was born in 1959. Compact shape and spacious interior, the classic has been doomed since the first MINI. Half a century later, MINI's soul remains the same.

Lotus:

A world-famous sports car manufacturer. Founded in 1951, British Lotus Automobile Company Lotus Automobile is a very powerful competitor in the world automobile field and has won the world championship for many times. From 1963 to 1978, Lotus Motor won the World's Best Passenger Car Award seven times in a row. In 1991, Lotus Yilan Automobile won the Best Design Award of the World Automobile. It is worth mentioning that Lotus Motor Company is one of the first manufacturers to use high-strength plastic body in automobiles. The molding process and vacuum-assisted resin injection process adopted by them can mold the car body into upper and lower parts, and then combine them into one, which not only has high production efficiency. And the strength of the car body is greatly enhanced, which is unique in the world.

VI. Italy

Global industry status:

Italy is one of the countries with the highest car ownership in the world, with 62 cars per 100 residents. Among the 27 EU countries, Italy ranks second in terms of per capita car ownership. In 1899, Agnelli founded Fiat Automobile Company in Turin, a city in the northwest of Italy. Fiat monopolized more than 90% of the total annual output of Italy, which is very rare in the world automobile industry.

Italian automobile design occupies a leading position in the world, with a number of world-recognized automobile design masters. The latest concept cars exhibited by design companies such as Pininfarina, Giorgetto and Broadcom represent the latest design trend in the world in terms of design concept and design means, and express a pursuit and value embodiment in advance and accurately.

The Italian automobile industry owns world-famous automobile brands such as Ferrari, Alfa romeo, Maserati, Lancia and Lamborghini, and has made great achievements in the field of sports cars and racing cars. Turin Automobile Industrial Park is one of the most important centers in the world automobile industry. There are numerous local sheet metal stamping craftsmen with excellent technical traditions and large and small workshops engaged in automobile design for a long time, which can provide world-class services such as design, development and prototype production.

There is only one big automobile manufacturer in Italy: Fiat Group, its subsidiaries Fiat, Lancia, Ferrari (independently operated), Maserati and Alfa Romeo. In 1969, Fiat merged Lancia Automobile Factory and bought 50% shares in Ferrari Automobile Factory, and put Ferrari, the first brand in the world sports car industry, under its own banner.

Outstanding features of Italian cars:

Italy has the reputation of "the hometown of sports cars". The birthplace of many well-known automobile brands in the world, the Italian automobile industry claims to be one school, and the Italian automobile France coexists with elegance and passion, with exquisite atmosphere, which has left a very deep impression on people. Italy, especially bold, sexy and free and easy, attracts customers with its performance and appearance, especially excluding other objective conditions when designing. For Italian cars, even without the label "Made in Italy", the intangible brand made in Italy can still be found in the details.

Famous Italian automobile brands:

Ferrari:

A world-famous manufacturer of racing cars and sports cars. Founded in 1947, the founder is Enzo Ferrari, the world racing champion and the epoch-making master of automobile design. Ferrari has a lofty position in the world car world, and even professional car critics think that any sports car can't be compared with Ferrari. The biggest feature of Ferrari sports cars and racing cars is high horsepower. Each sports car is equipped with a racing engine. The maximum speed of the engine can reach 7000 to 10000 rpm, the power exceeds 500 horsepower, and the maximum speed can reach more than 300 kilometers per hour. It can be said that every Ferrari car is a wonderful work of art.

Maserati:

The world-famous Italian luxury car manufacturer was founded in Bologna on December 1, 1914. Maserati is an Italian brand that has produced many legendary racing cars and sports cars for more than 70 years. It is fascinating for its exquisite skills and originality in thinking. Maserati world represents extraordinary exquisiteness, timeless style and strong emotion. Maserati cars have always been a symbol of the perfect integration of noble quality and sportsmanship.

Lamborghini:

Ferrucio lamborghini was founded in 1963 as a world-famous Italian automobile manufacturer, the world's top sports car manufacturer and one of the symbols of European luxury goods. Lamborghini went bankrupt in 1980 due to poor management in the early days; After several changes of ownership, it belonged to Audi in 1998 and is now one of the brands of Volkswagen Group.

Alfa Romeo:

A famous Italian car and sports car manufacturer, founded in 1910, is headquartered in Milan. And Alfa Romeo's famous "snake-eating dragon" logo adds a bit of irresistible sexy tension to the name. In 1910, when Alfa Romeo was founded, the founder combined two logos of Milan to create a logo, which became one of the most famous logos in the automobile industry.

Fiat Auto Company:

Italy's world-famous automobile company. Founded in Turin, Italy in 1899, it has a history of more than 100 years, and it is the first automobile manufacturer in the world to produce mini-cars. Today, Fiat is one of the top ten automobile companies in the world, and it is also the most important automobile manufacturing center and the largest private enterprise group in Italy. Its car departments mainly include Fiat, Ferrari, Alfa and Lancia, and engineering vehicle companies include Iveco.

Pagani:

The world-famous Italian supercar manufacturer was founded by Horacio pagani. The super sports cars produced in pagani are famous for their extreme performance, exquisite craftsmanship, expensive price and rare production by order.

Lancia:

LANCIA is one of the brands of Fiat Group, which mainly produces luxury Lancia cars. Italy is a famous brand with a long history, which occupies an important place in the world luxury car market. Lancia, in the eyes of many car owners, means a healthy and uplifting quality of life. It is a car with noble temperament. Satisfying the needs of drivers and passengers, easy driving, elegant modeling and cutting-edge technology are all Lanqiya's endless pursuits. Lancia has always been the official car of the Italian government, and the car of the Italian president and prime minister is also Lancia.

Seven, South Korea

Global industry status:

South Korea is a global automobile power. South Korea's automobile industry has gone through more than 100 years of development in less than 60 years, and has become a major automobile producer in the world. It can be said that its achievements have attracted worldwide attention. South Korea has become the fifth largest automobile manufacturer and the sixth largest automobile exporter in the world. The five major car companies in South Korea are Hyundai Motor, Kia Motors, General Motors Korea, Ssangyong Motor and Renault Samsung Motor.

It is worth mentioning that South Korea's automobile industry started in the early 1960s, several years later than ours. However, after 40 years of development, South Korea's automobile industry has become a rising star in the world automobile industry. South Korea's automobile industry has been on the road of independent design and development from the initial stage of technology introduction, self-absorption and digestion, and then into the innovation stage. Developed and designed independently in the fields of vehicle models and main automobile parts, and created domestic brand cars, such as Hyundai, Kia, Daewoo and Ssangyong, and greatly improved the popularity of Korean cars in the international car world.

It is worth mentioning that South Korea's automobile industry and relevant research departments believe that the overall technical quality level of South Korea's automobiles is now equivalent to 90% to 95% of that of Japan, an advanced automobile producer.

Outstanding features of Korean cars:

Korean cars integrate the technology of European and American automobile kingdoms, and then learn from Japanese car style, which is free and easy, stable and elegant. Korean cars have beautiful appearance and bright colors. It has a sense of movement, and some people think that Japanese cars are of good quality and low fuel consumption; German cars have good texture and are tall; American cars are highly equipped and strong. Only Korean cars have no outstanding features. Mechanically, it is not as good as European cars, and the engine is not as fine as Japanese cars. Of course, opinions are opinions after all.

Famous Korean automobile brands:

Modern:

Founded in 1947, it is a Korean automobile brand, mainly producing SUVs and ordinary family cars. The symbol of Hyundai Motor Company is the oblique letter H in the ellipse. The ellipse represents the earth, which means that modern cars take the whole world as the stage to carry out the global management of enterprises. The oblique letter H is the first letter of HYUNDAI Motor Company's English Hyundai, and it is also the visual artistic expression of two people shaking hands, representing the mutual trust and support between Hyundai Motor Company and customers! The ellipse not only represents the steering wheel of a car, but also can be regarded as the earth. The combination of the two implies that modern cars are all over the world.

Kia:

It is the earliest automobile manufacturer in Korea. In 2000, it merged with Hyundai Group to form Hyundai Kia Motors Group. Hyundai Kia Motors Group is the fifth largest automobile manufacturer in the world by output.

Ssangyong:

Ssangyong Group of Korea, affiliated to Ssangyong Motor Company, is a well-known automobile manufacturer that mainly manufactures four-wheel drive vehicles and produces large passenger cars, special vehicles, automobile engines and spare parts. Its predecessor was the East Asia Automobile Company founded in 1954. Ssangyong Motor started from the specialized production of four-wheel drive off-road vehicles and special vehicles, and then made a joint venture with German Mercedes-Benz Automobile Company, introduced advanced technology and developed into a comprehensive automobile manufacturing enterprise.

Renault Samsung:

Renault Samsung Automobile is a Korean automobile manufacturer, headquartered in Penglai Cave, Central Seoul, with another production workshop in Jiangxi District of Busan, and the design center and research institute in Longren City, Gyeonggi Province. Renault Samsung Automobile is a member of Korea Auto Industry Association.

Daewoo:

Daewoo is an automobile company founded by Jin Yuzhong in 1967. It is the backbone enterprise of Daewoo Group in South Korea, and uses the Daewoo trademark that looks like the earth and flowers.

VIII. Spain

Global industry status:

Spain is the seventh largest automobile producer in the world, and its automobile output once ranked third in the European Union. Eleven automobile manufacturers in the world once set up factories in Spain. Mainly produces various models of cars and trucks. It is worth mentioning that the automobile industry is one of the pillar industries in Spain.

Spain's automobile industry basically started at the same time as ours. With the help of industrial cluster effect formed by foreign investment, it became the representative of the emerging countries in the automobile industry. Compared with Germany, France, Italy and other automobile producing countries, Spain's automobile production history is shorter, which can be traced back to the 1950s after the end of World War II. In 1960, Spain produced less than 60,000 cars. However, Spain's automobile industry has developed rapidly. With the implementation of the open market policy, the competition with the domestic market has intensified. After the 1980s, the only state-owned automobile company in Spain, Seat Automobile Company, carried out technical cooperation and equity transfer with German Volkswagen Company, the Spanish automobile manufacturing industry began to be controlled by foreign capital, and internationally renowned automobile manufacturers, such as Renault, Volkswagen, Peugeot-Citroen Group, Mercedes-Benz, Fiat, General Motors, Ford and Nissan, all set up branches in Spain.

In the early 1990s, Spain's automobile industry was basically controlled by international multinational automobile companies. But Spain has also entered the world automobile production country. In 1998, Spain produced 2.83 million cars; It has become the fifth largest automobile producer in the world after the United States, Japan, Germany and France. In 2002, Spain ranked seventh in the world in automobile production. Nowadays, the automobile industry has become a pillar industry in Spain, and the export of automobiles and parts accounts for more than 25% of Spain's total exports, making it Spain's largest export product.

Spain's seven major automobile production bases: including the Barcelona base of Volkswagen, the Valencia base of Ford Motor Company, the Zaragoza base of General Motors, and the Viagra base of Peugeot-Citroen Automobile Company. It is precisely because of the relative concentration of automobile production that the Spanish automobile industry can be promoted to the ranks of several major automobile producing countries in the world in a relatively short period of time.

Highlights of Spanish cars:

Spain has also made great contributions to the automobile industry in Europe. Spanish car style is full of exotic and unique design. Among them, "passion", "adventure" and "persistence" are the three adjectives that can best summarize the Spanish people. Of course, the words in people's minds certainly include: Zara, Real Madrid, Barcelona, Tapas, Iberian ham and paella.

Famous Spanish automobile brands:

Seat:

Spain's largest car company was founded in Barcelona in 1950. Now in a subsidiary of Volkswagen AG, Germany. SEAT's brand new logo was unveiled at the 2012 Paris International Auto Show. Under the guidance of nationalization, SEAT Automobile Factory played a decisive role in the process of Spanish industrialization, and even led the development of the entire Spanish automobile industry. After joining Volkswagen/Audi Automobile Group, SEAT Automobile Factory became one of the international automobile factories.

Picasso:

Picasso, with a displacement of 1587-1997 cc, made its debut at the Paris International Auto Show in October 1998. The country of origin is Europe, and the theoretical fuel consumption is 6.8 liters/100 kilometers.

IX. Netherlands

Global industry status:

Holland is a European automobile power. The automobile industry is one of the major manufacturing industries in the Netherlands, providing development and production of systems, components and materials for major manufacturers all over the world, including large automobile manufacturers such as BMW, DaimlerChrysler, General Motors, Peugeot Citroen and Volkswagen, as well as top brands such as Maserati, Lamborghini, Bentley and Ferrari.

Spyker, a famous Dutch automobile brand, was born in 1880 and enjoyed a high reputation in the carriage manufacturing industry. In 1898, we cooperated with karl benz to manufacture Spyker-Benz. Because in the same year, the golden ceremony carriage was successfully manufactured for the coronation of Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, and the royal car was continuously manufactured for the royal family, Spyker was influenced by the Dutch royal family.around the worldThe favor of princes and nobles, orders poured in, and was once known as the "Rolls Royce of Europe".

Spyker won the runner-up in the Paris Rally in 1907. Spyker used his legendary experience in the aircraft manufacturing industry to make cars that were not only favored by nobles, but also won awards in many endurance grand prix. Moreover, they have made many innovations in the engineering field, producing the world's first six-cylinder engine car, the first four-wheel drive car and the first car with four-wheel brakes. Spyker, as an old factory with a history of more than 100 years, has always maintained its unique brand style. All the sports cars they produce are hand-made, and many indexes adopt F1 standard. As a well-known manufacturer of luxury sports cars, Spyker's aristocratic sports cars are completely tailored to the needs of customers.

Outstanding features of Dutch cars:

From the Spyker brand, the design of Dutch cars is very noble and novel. Spyker makes the most advanced and unique sports car in the world. And this old factory with a history of more than 100 years has always maintained the unique style of the brand. The sports cars they produce are all hand-made and have a unique lightweight body. The typical feature of Dutch cars is that their appearance is unconventional, and the cockpit combines classical and futuristic elements, but each car is expensive.

Famous Dutch automobile brands

Spyker:

Spyker is the most famous automobile brand in the Netherlands. The brand was born in 1880 and is made as a famous luxury sports car.businessThe sports cars they produce are all hand-made, lightweight, with large displacement mid-engine and rear-wheel drive, and many indicators adopt F1 standard, with amazing performance parameters.

Vencer car:

Vencer is a niche manufacturer of expensive and powerful sports cars in the Netherlands, which was founded by Robert Coburn in 2010. Vencer is committed to creating a rare customized supercar for passionate fans.

DAF car:

DAF Automobile, also known as Duff Automobile, is a Dutch automobile manufacturer. DAF has factories in Eindhoven, the Netherlands and Westeros, Belgium, and has 1000 dealers and service outlets in Europe.

Donkervoort car:

Donkervoort Automobielen BV is an authentic hand-made and ultra-light sports car manufacturer in Lelystad, the Netherlands. The car brand was founded by Joop Donkervoort in 1978.

Vandenbrink car:

Vandenbrink Design is an exclusive automobile design company headed by ir. It is a private company, which was established in 2006. This company added to the classic 250GTO in the 1960s.Modern yuanSu.

X. Sweden

Global industry status:

Sweden is a famous developed country in Europe. Sweden has many brands. For example, the world-renowned Ericsson, IKEA, Electrolux, Hasselblad camera, H&M clothing, Absolute Vodka, SKF, tetra pak, etc., and the automobile industry has Volvo cars, Koenigsegg sports cars, Saab cars, Scania cars, etc. The number of brands is unbelievable, but in terms of population ratio, Sweden has the largest number of multinational companies in the world. As a Nordic country with a total area of about 450,000 square kilometers, Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe. Sweden has its own aviation industry, automobile manufacturing industry, military industry and other manufacturing industries because of its cold climate and small proportion of agriculture. Among them, the most well-known is the Swedish automobile industry, and the Swedish automobile industry only relies on four automobile brands, which makes the world realize the strength of the Swedish automobile industry.

Highlights of Swedish cars:

Swedish cars are as punctual, honest, reliable, clean and tidy as Swedes. These are all because of the Swedish character. Therefore, the appearance, performance and various designs of Swedish cars are very Swedish. One of the most representative brands is Volvo, which inherits all Swedish characteristics: solemn, reserved, restrained, safe and environmentally friendly, giving people a full sense of trust. Volvo, Saab and CCR Koenigsegg, the main brands of Swedish cars, have won a worldwide reputation for their unconventional design, innovative technology, comfortable driving and outstanding safety performance in the development process of more than half a century.

Famous Swedish automobile brands:

Volvo:

As a world-renowned Swedish automobile brand, Volvo, as a famous Swedish luxury automobile brand, was first founded in Gothenburg, Sweden in 1927. The word Volvo, originally in Latin, originally meant "rolling forward". Its founders are gustaf larson and Asa Gebrisson respectively, and both of them worked in SKF, a famous Swedish ball bearing manufacturer.

Koenigsegg:

The world's top super-running brand has always been concerned by fans since its birth to restrictions. Koenigsegg was founded in 1994 by Christine van Koenigsegg near Anji Hom in southern Sweden. Koenigsegg in Koenigsegg means "blade". Koenigsegg, as a super-running brand with Swedish royal color, adopts the same logo as the Royal Swedish Air Force.

Scania:

One of Sweden's truck and bus manufacturers was founded in Malmo, southern Sweden in 1891. Scania, as one of the world's leading manufacturers of heavy trucks and buses, has sold its models to more than 100 countries and regions around the world, and has become the most profitable company in the commercial automobile industry with its technologically advanced modular system.

Saab:

Saab was formed by the merger of Scania Automobile Company and Swedish Aircraft Company Limited. The original aircraft company was abbreviated as SAAB in Swedish. Saab's innovative technologies have become global industry standards. In today's many automobile engines, turbocharging technology is adopted, and the engine turbocharging technology was pioneered by Saab. Saab is the first manufacturer to apply turbocharger from aviation technology to automobiles. The turbocharger equipped with Saab series engines plays an important role in the power play of the automobile, greatly improving the power and performance of the automobile engine, enabling drivers to fully experience the driving pleasure and enjoy overtaking safely and quickly. It keeps the power, maneuverability and accuracy of the car in the best condition at any time.